Pumping
In this phase of the cementing process, a high-pressure pump is used to force cement down the casing and into the annular space between the casing and the wall of the borehole. This step is critical to ensure that the cement is properly placed to support the casing, prevent fluid migration between underground formations, and protect freshwater zones.
During pumping, the cement slurry is mixed at the surface and then pushed downhole through the casing. As the cement reaches the bottom of the well, it is redirected upward into the annular space. The pressure and flow rate must be carefully monitored throughout the process to ensure complete displacement of drilling fluids and proper cement placement.
Specialized equipment such as cementing heads, plugs, and pressure gauges are used to control and monitor the operation. Communication between all personnel involved is essential to ensure timing and safety. Once the cement is in place, it is allowed to set and harden, forming a strong seal that maintains well integrity.
Potential Hazards
- being struck by high-pressure lines or unexpected release of pressure (due to, mismatched or excessively worn hammer unions, line failure)
- being exposed to chemical hazards (such as, silica, toxic liquids, and gases)
- being exposed to high noise levels
- slips, trips, and falls
- overexerting, or receiving sprains and strains while handling materials (such as sacks and buckets)
Possible Solutions
- Direct all non-essential personnel to stand clear.
- Require pump operator to stay by the controls.
- Conduct adequate pressure tests on pump(s) and lines before pumping.
- Hobble high-pressure lines properly to guard against the failure of hose connections .
- Use proper equipment inspection techniques to include hammer unions.
- Wear proper personal protective equipment (for example, respiratory, skin, and hearing) as appropriate for the hazards present.
- Conduct a pre-job inspection to identify, then eliminate or correct hazardous work surfaces.
- Use mechanical lifting aids, proper lifting techniques, and team lifting where appropriate.
Knowledge Check Choose the best answer for the question.
5-8. During the cement pumping process, what are the hazards associated with handling materials such as sacks and buckets?
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