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706 Conducting a Job Hazard Analysis (JHA)
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The Steps

Every well-written step in a Job Hazard Analysis (JHA) must include two components: the actor and the action.

Each step includes an actor and an action.

Let's look at each of these two components:

The Actor

The actor is the person or group who performs or assists in the step. The actor initiates a change by taking an action—or in some cases, by intentionally not taking action. If only one worker is performing the task, the actor may be implied and not stated. However, if two or more workers are involved, the actor must be clearly identified to show who does what. Examples of actors include:

  • Electrician: Disconnect power at the main breaker before starting repairs.
  • Operator: Inspect forklift tires for damage before use.
  • Two-person team: Lift the panel using proper lifting techniques and place it on the cart.
  • Helper: Hold ladder steady while technician climbs.
  • Worker: Do not open valve until pressure is released.
  • Technician: Verify all tools are accounted for before exiting the confined space.

In each example, the actor is either clearly stated or implied based on the number of people involved in the task. Writing steps with both the actor and the action ensures everyone knows their responsibility, improves safety, and supports better communication among the team.

Knowledge Check Choose the best answer for the question.

2-3. Within the JHA, which term describes an individual or object that directly participates or assists in the procedure?