Noise and Hearing Protection
Noise is a common hazard in many work environments, especially in construction, manufacturing, demolition, and transportation industries.
Equipment such as bulldozers, jackhammers, generators, compressors, and industrial vehicles can produce noise levels that are harmful to human hearing. Without proper protection, exposure to high noise levels can cause permanent hearing damage or hearing loss over time.
Hearing loss from noise exposure is often gradual and may go unnoticed until it becomes severe. Once hearing is damaged, it cannot be restored. This makes it critical to identify loud noise sources and use proper protective measures before harm occurs.
Understanding Noise Levels
Sound is measured in decibels (dBA). Prolonged exposure to noise levels at or above 85 dBA can lead to hearing damage. OSHA requires a hearing conservation program when workers are exposed to noise levels averaging 85 dBA or more over an 8-hour workday. At noise levels of 90 dBA or more, hearing protection is required.
A simple rule: If you cannot hold a conversation in a normal speaking voice with someone standing about three feet away, the noise level may be too high, and hearing protection should be worn.
Key Engineering Controls and Safe Work Practices
Employers must use a combination of engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment (PPE) to reduce noise exposure. These include:
- Use heavy equipment with enclosed, temperature-controlled cabs: These cabs are designed to reduce operator noise exposure while improving comfort and visibility.
- Place noisy equipment like generators and air compressors at a distance: Whenever possible, move them away from work areas or place them behind physical barriers to reduce noise exposure.
- Perform routine maintenance on machines and tools: Properly maintained equipment runs more quietly and reduces noise at the source.
- Use quieter tools and equipment when available: Many modern machines are designed to operate with lower noise levels.
- Limit time spent in high-noise areas: Rotate tasks among workers to reduce the amount of time any one person spends in loud environments.
- Install sound-absorbing materials: In indoor areas, walls or ceilings lined with sound-dampening materials can help reduce overall noise levels.
Hearing Protection Devices
When engineering and administrative controls are not enough to reduce noise below safe levels, hearing protection devices must be used. These include:
- Earplugs: Disposable or reusable plugs that fit into the ear canal to block noise. They must be inserted properly to be effective.
- Earmuffs: Hard cups that cover the entire ear and are held in place by a headband. These are useful in environments with intermittent noise or when workers wear hearing protection for long periods.
- Canal caps: A type of hearing protection that seals the entrance to the ear canal with flexible pads connected by a headband.
According to OSHA 1910.95 , workers must be trained on how to use and care for hearing protection devices. Employers must provide hearing protection at no cost and ensure it fits properly and is appropriate for the level of noise exposure. Regular hearing tests (audiometric testing) are required as part of OSHA’s hearing conservation program for workers exposed to noise levels at or above 85 dBA. These tests help detect hearing loss early so that additional protective steps can be taken.
Knowledge Check Choose the best answer for the question.
3-6. Which of the following is an engineering control that helps to protect against excessive noise hazards?
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