Biological Hazards
Biological Hazards in construction refer to exposure to harmful microorganisms or organic substances that can lead to infections, allergic reactions, respiratory issues, or other serious health effects. These hazards are especially common during demolition, excavation, or any work in older, water-damaged, or contaminated environments. Understanding how these hazards present and how to control them is vital for worker safety.
- Mold Exposure: Mold thrives in moist environments and can release spores into the air, especially when disturbed during demolition or renovation. Examples include:
- Removing drywall or ceiling tiles in buildings affected by flooding or plumbing leaks
- Working in basements with long-term water infiltration and poor ventilation
- Exposure to black mold (Stachybotrys chartarum), which is known to trigger severe allergic reactions
- Histoplasmosis: Histoplasmosis is a respiratory illness caused by inhaling spores of the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum, often found in bird or bat droppings. Examples include:
- Cleaning attics or eaves contaminated with bat guano
- Demolishing barns or warehouses with pigeon nests
- Excavation work in areas with soil enriched by droppings
- Bloodborne Pathogens: Pathogenic microorganisms in human blood and other body fluids that can cause diseases such as Hepatitis B (HBV), Hepatitis C (HCV), and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Examples include:
- Workers removing gloves, masks, or coveralls that have been in contact with blood or other potentially infectious materials may be exposed if proper decontamination procedures are not followed.
- Tools like scissors, tweezers, or splinter removers that come into contact with blood can pose a risk if reused without sterilization.
- Broken glass, metal shards, or sharp objects contaminated with blood from a prior injury can puncture the skin and transmit pathogens.
- Animal and Insect Exposure: Construction sites may expose workers to insects or animals that carry disease or cause allergic reactions. Examples include:
- Bee or wasp stings on open job sites, which may cause anaphylaxis in allergic workers
- Tick bites leading to Lyme disease when working in wooded or grassy areas
- Rodent droppings that can spread hantavirus in enclosed spaces or crawlspaces
Knowledge Check Choose the best answer for the question.
9-8. Why is black mold exposure a concern during renovation or demolition in water-damaged buildings?
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