How to Dig Up the Root Causes
Below are the steps involved in constructing and using the cause and effect "fishbone" diagram we discussed in the previous section:
Is Root Cause Analysis Important?
- Define the problem: Begin by defining the problem that you want to analyze. Write it down at the head of the diagram.
- Identify the main categories of causes: Draw a horizontal arrow facing the head of the diagram: this is the backbone. Draw arrows from each of the main categories to the backbone. These categories can be things like people, process, equipment, materials, or environment, depending on the context of the problem.
- Brainstorm potential causes: Brainstorming is a good way to uncover potential causes within each of the main categories. Write them down as branches (lines) that extend our from the category line.
- Analyze the causes: Once you have identified potential causes, analyze each one in more detail. Ask questions like: How does this cause contribute to the problem? What evidence supports this cause as a potential contributor? Write down your findings as sub-branches.
- Identify the root cause: Once you have analyzed all potential causes, identify the root cause(s) of the problem. This is the cause or set of causes that, if addressed, will resolve the issue.
- Take action: Once you have identified the root cause(s), develop an action plan to address them. This may involve making process changes, training staff, or implementing new equipment or technology.
Overall, constructing a cause and effect diagram involves identifying potential causes of a problem, analyzing them in detail, and ultimately identifying the root cause(s) and developing an action plan to address them.
It is a valuable tool for problem-solving and continuous improvement in a wide range of contexts.
Knowledge Check Choose the best answer for the question.
3-6. When solving problems using a cause and effect diagram, a good way to identify the causes is to _____.
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