903 Well Site Completion and Servicing Safety

Abandoning the Well

A well is abandoned when it is no longer productive, becomes unsafe, or has been identified as a dry hole (a well that does not produce oil or gas in commercial amounts). Proper abandonment is critical to protect the environment and maintain public safety. The process must follow federal, state, and local regulations.

• Removing equipment: The casing and other downhole equipment are removed and salvaged if possible. This may include tubing, pumps, and other hardware.
• Sealing the well: Cement plugs are carefully placed in the borehole at various depths to prevent the migration of oil, gas, or water between underground formations. This helps protect groundwater sources and prevents pressure build-up.
• Reclaiming the site: The surface area around the well is cleaned up and restored. This includes removing the wellhead, leveling the ground, and replanting vegetation if required by local regulations.

Potential Hazards During Well Abandonment

• Wellbore pressure releases: Unexpected pressure buildup can occur when removing casing or installing plugs.
• Handling heavy equipment: Removing casing and equipment involves cranes, hoists, and other machinery that can cause crush injuries or struck-by incidents.
• Chemical exposure: Fluids and residual gases may still be present in the wellbore or equipment.
• Falls and trips: Workers may be exposed to elevated platforms, open pits, or slippery surfaces.

Hazard Control Measures

• Conduct a Job Safety Analysis (JSA) before beginning abandonment activities.
• Test for residual pressure in the well before removing equipment.
• Use mechanical lifting aids and proper rigging techniques when handling casing and heavy components.
• Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves, safety glasses, hard hats, and flame-resistant clothing.
• Keep the work area clear of tripping hazards and maintain good housekeeping practices.

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