The Systems Approach
The systems approach to understanding why accidents happen looks at how different parts of a safety management system interact with each other.
Assume the system needs fixing.
It focuses on the bigger picture instead of just blaming individuals. This method sees accidents as signs that something is wrong with the system itself, not just hazardous condition or the actions of one or more employees.
When using a systems approach, investigators usually assume the following:
- Accidents are due to system weaknesses: Accidents usually happen because of defects, or root causes, within the safety management system. For example, if a worker slips on a wet floor, the problem might not just be the worker’s mistake—it could be that the system didn’t provide clear rules about cleaning up spills or failed to put up warning signs.
- The goal is to fix the system, not to blame people: The investigation's main purpose is to find out what went wrong in the system so it can be fixed. For instance, if someone gets hurt while using a machine, the focus should be on whether training was missing or if the machine was poorly maintained—not just on the actions of the person using it.
- Discipline is not right if the system fails to support workers: If the system doesn't give workers the tools, training, or support they need, it's unfair to punish them for mistakes. For example, if employees don't know the emergency procedures because they were never taught, the system is at fault.
- Prevention means improving the system: To prevent future accidents, the design and function of the safety system must be improved. This includes changing inputs (like training and equipment), structure (like reporting lines and responsibilities), processes (like how inspections are done), and outcomes (like tracking incidents).
- A systems approach leads to long-term, cost-saving solutions: Instead of quick fixes or blaming people, fixing the root causes leads to safer workplaces and saves money over time. For example, updating old equipment might cost more at first, but it reduces injuries and downtime later on.
Knowledge Check Choose the best answer for the question.
1-5. In the systems approach, accidents are typically assumed to be caused by _____.
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