Biological Agents
Biological Agents are microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, or toxins that can cause illness in humans, animals, or plants.
They have the ability to adversely affect human health in a variety of ways, ranging from relatively mild, allergic reactions to serious medical conditions, even death.
Anthrax: Anthrax is a serious infectious disease caused by the Bacillus anthracis bacteria. It can affect the skin, lungs, or digestive system and is often spread through contact with infected animals or contaminated products. It is generally acquired following contact with anthrax-infected animals or anthrax-contaminated animal products.
Avian Flu: Also known as bird flu, it’s a viral infection that primarily affects birds but can sometimes infect humans. Certain strains, like H5N1, can be severe and potentially deadly in people. It is a highly contagious disease of birds which is currently epidemic amongst poultry in Asia. Despite the uncertainties, poultry experts agree that immediate culling of infected and exposed birds is the first line of defense for both the protection of human health and the reduction of further losses in the agricultural sector.
Bloodborne Pathogens: Harmful microorganisms found in human blood that can cause disease in humans, such as hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV. They are transmitted through contact with infected blood and certain other body fluids. OSHA estimates that 5.6 million workers in the health care industry and related occupations are at risk of occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens.
Botulism: Botulism is a rare but serious illness caused by a toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum bacteria. It can cause muscle paralysis and is most often linked to improperly canned or preserved foods. Cases of botulism are usually associated with consumption of preserved foods. However, botulinum toxins are currently among the most common compounds explored by terrorists for use as biological weapons.
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4-2. What is an acute infectious disease caused by a spore-forming bacterium called Bacillus anthracis?
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