Types of Injury and Illness Events
Incidents can involve many kinds of harmful contact or exposure. The following examples describe injury and illness events. A near miss may involve the same hazards without causing harm.
Safety Memo - The Accident Cascade
- Struck-by: A person is forcefully struck by an object. The force of contact is provided by the object.
- Struck-against: A person forcefully strikes an object. The person provides the force or energy.
- Contact-by: Contact by a substance or material that, by its nature, is harmful and causes injury.
- Contact-with: A person comes in contact with a harmful substance or material. The person initiates the contact.
- Caught-on: A person or part of his/her clothing or equipment is caught on an object that is either moving or stationary. This may cause the person to lose his/her balance and fall, be pulled into a machine, or suffer some other harm.
- Caught-in: A person or part of him/her is trapped, or otherwise caught in an opening or enclosure.
- Caught-between: A person is crushed, pinched or otherwise caught between a moving and a stationary object, or between two moving objects.
- Fall-to-same-surface: A person slips or trips and falls to the surface he or she is standing or walking on. The person may be injured by the impact.
- Fall-to-below: A person slips or trips and falls to a level below the one he/she was walking or standing on. The person may be injured by the fall.
- Overexertion: A person over-extends or strains himself/herself while performing work. This can cause a strain or other injury.
- Bodily reaction: Caused solely from stress imposed by free movement of the body or assumption of a strained or unnatural body position. A leading source of injury.
- Overexposure: Over a period of time, a person is exposed to harmful energy (noise, heat), lack of energy (cold), or substances (toxic chemicals/atmospheres).
Knowledge Check Choose the best answer for the question.
1-2. Which type of event may cause a muscle strain when a worker lifts a heavy load?
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